What condition is indicated by a diver feeling pain in their ears upon descent?

When a diver feels pain in their ears upon descent, it typically indicates a condition known as squeeze, specifically referred to as ear squeeze or barotrauma. This occurs due to the inability of the middle ear to equalize the pressure with the increasing ambient pressure as the diver descends.

As a diver goes deeper underwater, the pressure increases, and if the eustachian tubes (which connect the middle ears to the throat) do not open adequately to equalize this pressure, a vacuum is created in the ear. This can lead to discomfort or pain as the pressure from the outside pushes against the eardrum. If the pressure difference becomes too great, it could cause injury to the ear structure, leading to more serious complications.

Understanding this phenomenon is crucial for divers, as it emphasizes the need for equalizing techniques during descent, such as swallowing, yawning, or gently blowing with the nose pinched shut (Valsalva maneuver), to prevent ear squeeze and maintain comfort and safety while diving.