What is the most effective technique for equalizing pressure during descent?

The most effective technique for equalizing pressure during descent is swallowing frequently. This action stimulates the muscles around the Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the throat, allowing them to open and equalize the pressure between the external environment and the middle ear.

As divers descend, the increase in water pressure can lead to discomfort or even pain in the ears if the pressure is not equalized properly. Regular swallowing helps to gently equalize this pressure, making the descent more comfortable and safe.

Other techniques such as the Valsalva maneuver (which involves pinching the nose and gently blowing) or the Toynbee maneuver (which involves swallowing with a closed nose) can also be effective, but consistent swallowing can be a more natural and less forceful way to manage pressure changes during descent. Focusing on buoyancy control, while important for overall diving safety, does not assist with equalization. Using a nose clip is not effective since it prevents the natural function of swallowing and equalizing the Eustachian tubes.